Spatiotemporal distributions of population in Seoul: joint influence of ridership and accessibility of the subway system

Abstract Moving along with daily life, urban residents and commuters create characteristic spatiotemporal patterns which vary extensively the time of day. These are formed via traffic flows: accordingly, understanding impact transportation system is essential for planners to evaluate expected activities. To explore them, we examine specifically population distributions in Seoul City by analyzing hourly data based on mobile phone location records combination a couple indicators Subway system. Through clustering principal component analyses, first demonstrate that spatial distribution categorized according day, i.e., night, daytime, evening, variations across reflect morphology land use. We then influence subway population, employing ridership accessibility as indicators. Our linear regression analysis shows both associated daytime evening populations, implies only commercial activities substantially coupled Further, find distinctive difference night encoded probability distributions; this elucidated means multiplicative growth model morphological evolution Seoul, revealing decentralization residential areas centralization areas. This study sheds light interplay public use, relevance policymakers wishing develop neighborhoods support sustainable modes.